Perimenopause can start up to 15 years before menopause and involves various symptoms to watch out for. Dr. Deyo Famuboni, a London GP, explains what to expect and how to manage these symptoms.
You might notice changes in your menstrual cycle even when you’ve had a consistent routine for years. If your period is late and a pregnancy test is negative, perimenopause could be the cause.
Perimenopause is the phase leading up to menopause where the body gradually transitions towards permanent infertility. This typically starts in women’s early forties, though it can begin in the mid-thirties as well. It’s caused by fluctuating levels of estrogen.
While perimenopause is usually not alarming, lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms. Regular exercise and a diet rich in phytoestrogens (found in foods like soybeans and broccoli) can be beneficial. If symptoms affect your quality of life, seeing a doctor is advisable, as treatments like hormone replacement therapy are available.
Symptoms can include irregular periods, hot flashes, and night sweats, which can lead to sleep disturbances. Wearing breathable clothing and staying hydrated can help. Avoiding triggers such as being overweight, alcohol, excess caffeine, spicy foods, and certain medications can also reduce symptoms.
Mood swings, irritability, and anxiety are common due to hormonal fluctuations. Ensuring stable blood sugar levels through a healthy diet and regular exercise can help manage these mood changes.
Changes in vaginal health, like dryness and discomfort during intercourse, may also occur. Using vaginal lubricants can help with this issue.
An increased frequency of urine infections may happen, along with reduced bladder control. Preventative measures include using lubricants, emptying your bladder after intercourse, and doing pelvic floor exercises.
Sex drive might decrease due to hormonal changes and other factors like mood swings and lack of sleep. Maintaining an active and healthy lifestyle can contribute to overall well-being.
Ovulation becomes less frequent during perimenopause, leading to potential fertility issues. If trying to conceive in your late thirties or early forties, medical advice is recommended sooner rather than later.
With lower estrogen levels, bone density can decrease, leading to osteoporosis. It’s important to get enough calcium and vitamin D and exercise regularly to maintain bone strength. While some women find relief from using glucosamine, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Weight gain is another possible symptom due to slower metabolism and increased stress. Managing stress and maintaining a healthy diet with regular exercise can help control weight during this period.
Lastly, decreasing estrogen levels can lead to higher cholesterol and blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of heart disease. Any chest discomfort should prompt urgent medical attention.
Regular check-ups and attention to lifestyle can greatly assist in managing the symptoms of perimenopause.
