Symptoms of perimenopause, the phase leading up to menopause, can start up to 15 years in advance. London GP Dr. Deyo Famuboni describes ten perimenopause symptoms to be aware of for World Perimenopause Day.
You’ve been living your life without any noticeable changes for years. Then, suddenly, your period is late and you wonder, “Am I pregnant?” You know it’s unlikely because you use effective contraception. A pregnancy test is negative, and your period eventually arrives. So, what’s going on? You might be experiencing perimenopause, the transition before menopause when the body moves towards permanent infertility.
In the UK, menopause typically occurs around age 52, but perimenopause can start at different times, often in the early forties or occasionally the mid-thirties. This happens due to fluctuations in hormones, especially oestrogen.
Perimenopause shouldn’t be alarming. Lifestyle changes, like regular exercise and a diet rich in phytoestrogens (found in soybeans, dark leafy greens, and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli), can help manage symptoms. However, if perimenopause affects your well-being, see your doctor. Treatments range from hormone replacement to non-hormonal options.
Hormone changes can cause irregular periods – longer, shorter, or absent for months. Heavy periods, especially with tiredness or breathlessness, need a doctor’s review, particularly if you’re under 40.
Hot flushes are common, varying in intensity and duration, often disrupting sleep. Wearing breathable clothing and staying hydrated can help. Avoiding causes like being overweight, consuming alcohol, caffeine, spicy foods, and processed food additives can also alleviate symptoms.
Mood swings, irritability, and anxiety might also occur due to hormone fluctuations and poor sleep. Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help stabilize your mood.
Hormonal changes can reduce vaginal lubrication and elasticity, potentially causing discomfort, especially during intercourse. Vaginal lubricants can alleviate these symptoms.
Women are prone to urinary infections, and this can increase during perimenopause. Symptoms like increased urine frequency and pain need a doctor’s attention. Pelvic floor exercises and other preventive measures can help.
Decreased ovulation can lead to fertility issues, taking longer to conceive. Using contraception until 12 months after your last period is advised to avoid unwanted pregnancy.
Declining oestrogen affects bone health, possibly leading to osteoporosis and joint pain. Ensuring adequate calcium, vitamin D and regular exercise can help maintain bone strength. While some studies suggest glucosamine for joint pain, evidence is limited.
Weight gain can result from slowed metabolism, muscle loss, and increased stress. Managing underlying stress and maintaining regular exercise and a balanced diet can help control weight.
As oestrogen drops, cholesterol and blood sugar levels rise, increasing the risk of heart disease. Any chest discomfort, particularly during exertion, needs urgent medical attention. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial during perimenopause to manage these risks.
